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An 80 percent home loan for 30 years, and what one extra instalment a year does.
An extra instalment paid once a year reduces principal. In a flat 8 percent illustration, a 30-year loan shortens to about 23 years. The monthly instalment remains due, and the bank’s rule controls the result.

What the extra instalment changes
An extra EMI to close a home loan is not a second loan and it is not a discount. It is an additional payment aimed at principal. Interest in the following month is calculated on the principal that remains, so a smaller balance carries less interest. The ordinary monthly instalment does not disappear. The borrower has added one more of them, once in the year.
The arithmetic below is an illustration, not a sanction. It holds the interest rate at 8 percent for the entire term, ignores fees, and assumes the bank accepts an extra instalment once a year. On those assumptions, an 80 percent loan against a price of ₹51 lakh is ₹40.8 lakh, and the equated monthly instalment is about ₹29,940. Paying one further instalment of that size at the end of each year reduces a 30-year term to about 23 years. The same rate and term, applied to 80 percent of ₹1.72 crore, produce a loan of ₹1.376 crore and an instalment of about ₹1,00,970, and the same kind of shortening. A floating rate will not stay at 8 percent, and the bank’s own schedule is the only one that binds.



